Wall construction and method.



F. M. PRAY.- I WALL C ONSTRUCTION AND METHOD.

APPLICATION FILED JAN.8.1915. 1,174,519. Patented 111111211916.

3 SHEETS-SHEET l.

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V F. M. PRAY. WALL CONSTRUCTION AND METHOD.

APPucAnbN men 1AN.s.1915.

Patented Mar. 7, 1916.

, 3 SHEETS SHEET 2. 1 j" 4,

F. M. PRAY. WALL CONSTRUCTION AND METHOD.

APPLICATION FILED JAN.8, 1915.

Patented Mar. 7, 1916.

' 3 SHEETS-SHEET 3- Ema 1215a,, @Wfifi walla hem/ it mayconcemt t knownthat IpFRANx I ofvthe United States, residing at Oak the county ofCook and State of reinvented a new andhuseful rent in Wall Construction and f whichthe following is a speciventionrelateshparticularly to wallion having provision -for ,lIlSlllitnst theupassa'gey of heat and 1mnvention is particularly applicable tel,wallconstruction, and my priinsulation against the transmission dmoisturfe;

erred embodiment of the invenistrated ,in the accompanying which" rocess of construction, the view only the assembled air-e ivelops or the construction of the walls "at lineQ of Fig, 1,. illustrating on with cement; Fig. 3, a transal section, of: the wall, in course the manner of assembling "the employed in the wall construe a similar view showing a modi g; 6, a perspective View illus manner in which vertical rein ntsfimay beused in the construction e taken as indicated atlline.8 of 9, a perspective viewof one of erse reinforcing members,- which as a'spa tor for the air-en'velo-p; a perspective view of another c1ip,-w j

(mama construction, which is d Aireprrients a" foundation, or

emov'able outer form-walls. In giwlan exteriorv wall, for example,

d to assemble between the forme, air-envelops D arranged in es parallel with th ALL consrnnorzon AND METHOD.

I Specification of Letters Patent.

to the passage ofinoisture, and to oflproducingthe improved wall.

boxes -or air-envelope may 3 t is to cheapen the costofsuch n and at the same time provide -111Ch from the formwalls.

represents a broken elevationjof.

Fig. 2, a broken section taken after the form; has beeni filled ion; Fig; 4;,a1 broken plan view.

ig. -8, a horizontal sectional view ich serves also as a" B, ;a wall rising therefrom,

e form-walls,

if ITEDJSTATES PATENT 0mm ream; imraAY, or OAK PARK, ILLINOIS.

f v i as indicated at 1, 2 and 3. The air-envelops M. PRAY, a

p I Patented Mar. 7,1916. I 1 Application filed January 8, 1915. Serial No.1,084.

the same material confinedwithin the box a or shell, and adapted to resist crushing and to subdivide the box itself into air-cells 5*. In a wall of approximately nine inches in thickness, each air-envelop D may be approximately one and one-quarter inches thick, one and one-half feet high, and fourteen inehes in width; and, accordingly, the

be spaced approximately one and onequarter inch apart, and approximately one and one-quarter hollow rectangular form, one edge of the 'sheet being indicated at 6 and the other at 6*, as shown in Fig. 7; and providing endfiaps 7 equipped with inturned flaps 8. The

envelop may be secured in rectangular form by any suitable means,,as by staples 9. The member 5 has its corrugations running in a vertical direction, the ply of cardboard 01- In the illustra-i bending a sheet of paper into lowing azigzag course from side to side of the envelop; and the lateral margins of the cardboard '5 are disposed contiguous to the Forthe purpose of spacing the air-inclosing envelope and providing reinforcements inner surfaces of the vertical edged walls of the envelop.

a series. of lower and upper edge-clips E These clips may be conveniently formed of wire. 7 As shown in Fig. 9, each clip E. is

.formed to provide vertical sockets 10, 11 and 12,- the intermediate socket 11 being disp'osed'some distance above the bottoms of the sockets 10 and 12. The outside sockets 10 and112are spaced from the outer form walls by portions 13; and the intermediate socket is spaced with relation'to the outer socket by portions 14. ithout theouter end ofone of the portions 13 is connected a foot; 15 which is disposed parallel with the footing of the wall, and hence. perpendicular to the general direction of the transversely extending member E. The foot 15 serves to hold the clip a vertically transvelops D.

verse plane, so that the sockets 10,11 and 12 lower ends of the air-en- 3 and 3, thebuter series of envelops are arf 'rangedin the vertical plane 1,; with their lower ends resting in the sockets 10; the intermediate-- series of 'air-envelops are arranged in the verticalkplane 2, with their lowerends resting in the sockets 11, and the.

innerfseries of air-envelops are arranged in vertical planei3, withtheir lower endsresting in the sockets 12. In thus arranging the venvelops, the clips E which are of general U-form, are caused to engage'the lower por- I tions of the envelop s, so as' to space the vertical edges of the envelops with'relation to each-other. Thus, the clips E have the web or spacing portions 13% and legs 1% which are adapted to enter inside the vertical edge walls of the envelops, as will be readily unr 'closegrained finish is avoided, and a desir- The arrangementdescribed raises the'cenderstood fromFigs. 4 and 7 tral or. intermediate series of .air envelops somewhat above the two outer series of envelops, so that the joints at the upper and lower-ends of the envelops will be broken, or staggered. In arranging'the envelops, the intermediate series are so disposed as to p break joint with the flanking series, as will be understood; from Fig, 2. After arrange ing, the. several series of envelops "on the spacers, and supporting members E, and

with the lower clips E spacing the lower ends of the envelops edgewise, the'upper clips ,E?" are'inserted. The clips E arealso applied to space the upper ends 'of the". several series with relation to each other.

of the intermediate envelop, and a vertical socket 17 disposed somewhat lower and adaptedfto slip'over the upperend of anenvelop of av flanking series. ThesocketsIG the clip, and the socket l'l' is spaced with relation to the wall of the form by'a portion and 17 are spaced apart by a portion 18 of l9, asshown iIrEigPIO.

It will be understood that t e" mam O are made of a convenient working height,

and that the height of the envelops D preferably correspond approximately with such from time to time, if desired. g

The air-envelops are assembledfin the form, the concrete is pouredin, thus virtually forming zfour parallel concrete. walls 20, 21, 22 and 23, connected,.asshown in Fig. 2, .byvertical transverse webs 24 and- 25, which are stagger'edwith relation to each Thus each clip E has a vertical. socket l6'adapted to slip over the upper end.

. other, and connected also by horizontalwebs 26 and 27, which are substantially staggered with relation to each other. The arrangement is such, therefore, that the air-envelope "aresub'stanti ally isolated ,from each other, 'each being completely'surrounded with ce 'ment wall, and, as hasbeen explained, each air-envelop is subdivided into several. air- 4 'cells by, 'the' use of the corrugated cardboard 5. o

After one section of the wall has been completed,- another form-section may be superposed over the first form-section, as shown in Fig. 3, and, the operation which has been described may be repeated. This maybe continued until the wall is of the desired. heightl If desired, one may place .inside the form-walls C sheets of paper 28,

which will have the effect of giving to the lateral surfaces of-the concrete wall-a substantially uniform porous texture. This result isobtained by the prevention of liquid cement workingvu'pwardalong theinside of v the walls of the" mold, so that a glossy or able porosity of uniform character is ob- Fig.

In the modificationshown in Fig. its

envelops are designatedQD. They are 'as-.

sembled in the manner already described,

and thesame clips are employed, except that 3 clips E? are substituted 'for the. clips E The clips E are similar to the clips E eX-' cept that they are provided with ofi'set V6l"- tical eyes 30 adapted to receive vertical re-'v inforcing rods or. wires 31, as shown in Fig.

fi -The purpose of the modified form'of clip is tofacilitate the arrangement of the,

vertical reinforcements 31; but it, will be understood that both-the, transverse and the vertical reinforcements used in the wall may be according to any desired arrangement.

,The improved Wall comparatively light, strong, and serves excellently to prevent the passage of heat andmoisture. The use of fibrous air-envelops, such as paper or cardboard envelops, which remain in the wall, serves the double purpose of enabling stag.

gered air-spaces to be provided in the struc ture of the. concrete itself, and of providing excellent non-conductors within the isolated and, as has sheen pointed out, the, air-envelops themselves are subdivided into, separate, air-cells,--this' being accomplished in spaces contained in the concrete structure;

heflwire clipswliich hold the envelops in aced relationserveexcellently the funcion of reinforcing the concrete; and, as as been indicated, these, Wire clips may be pplemented'by verticalreinforcements, if esired. In 1eed,:any suitable additional re- HfOICQXHQDiZS, transverse or vertical, may be ed. Of course, it' is desirable to have a )lurality of series of air-spaces in the wall; d to have thewebs which connect the thin, rtical wall staggered, or substantially so; ut any desired] number of series offenlops may beemployed. i It will be notedilthat a large saving in'the e of concrete may be affected; and itwill understood that :where sufiicient provi- S1011 is made in the wall itself against the transmission ofmoisture through the Wall, is i unnecessary to resort to the-expedient f furring, lathing and plastering the inner 1c of theiwall. Suitable coats of plaster ina i be applied di'rectly to both sides of the wal 1 It will be understood that when the for-ms are removed, the sheets of paper 28, where used, are stripoed from the wall, leaving the wall eady for the application of coatings of plastenwhen the wall is sufficiently dried. i .;T e air-env'elops and clips maybe cheaply pro need; and the assembling may be raply effected by unskilled laborr l he term wall is to be understood as applying to any wallfwhether verticalor hr izontaLflThe construction may be e'm i'oyed, in connection with suitable reinforcements, foiy vfiooring and ceiling conruction, enabling flush or smooth surfaces be obtained, while insulation against the. ansmission of sound, as well as against the f heat and moisture, is setransmission 1 r o u'red, v Thfiforegoing? detailed description has een given: for clearness of understanding nlyeand no iundue limitation should be unerstoodtherefrorn, but the appended claims should betonstrued as broadly as permissibleyinview ofthe prior art.

Vl hat I regard as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent,.is:

, 1. A monolithic wall comprising concrete having embedded therein several parallel vertical series of air-envelops closed on all sides and spaced apart, each vertical series comprising several horizontal series arranged in superposed relation and spaced apart, the vertical joints of the several, vertical series being staggered with relation to each other, and the horizontal joints of the several series being staggered with relation to each other, transverse concrete reinforcing clips initially spacing said envelops with respect to each other and with respect to the surfaces of the Wall, and spacing means between the vertical edge-portions of the envelops. i

. 2. A wall comprising a series of reinforcing' clips provided with a plurality of sockets, a plurality of series of rectangular a1r-- envelops supported in said sockets, clips connecting the upper ends of said envelops, and

concrete embedding said air-envelope and clips. 7

3. A wall ,comprislng a ser1es of transverse clips, each clip having an elevated socket and two lower sockets, three series of rectangular air-envelops supported in said sockets, and concrete embedding said airenvelops and clips therein. f

4. A monolithic wall comprising concrete having embedded therein several parallel vertical series of air envelope closed on all sidesand spaced'a art, each vertical series comprising severa horizontal series arranged in super osed relation and spaced apart, the vertica joints of the several verti cal series being sta each other, and the several series being sta red with relation to each other, and-spac mg means embedded in the concrete; and servmg initiallLto mainorizontsl joints of the tain said air-envelops in s aced re ation. FRA K M. RAY. In presence of: a O. C. AVISUS,

' 1).Hnrsmn.

gored with relation to 

